Nature. 2026 Sep;657(8132):611-620. doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10918-5. Epub 2026 Sep 16.

ABSTRACT

The discovery and engineering of enzymes capable of depolymerizing synthetic polymers with hydrolysable backbone linkages is now enabling biotechnological solutions for plastics recycling. Polyolefins and other non-hydrolysable polymers, however, have saturated carbon-carbon linkages that are more challenging to cleave biologically. Despite decades of research, the evidence that biocatalysts can appreciably deconstruct carbon-carbon-linked polymers remains ambiguous, often stemming from inconsistent assays and qualitative, low-resolution analytical methods and from the lack of proper identification and biochemical characterization of the enzymes involved. To aid in definitive polymer deconstruction measurements for non-hydrolysable polymers, here we survey abiotic and biological oxidation mechanisms and provide critical commentary on experimental assays and substrate and product characterization approaches. From this foundation, we propose best-practice experimental design principles, including reaction conditions, control experiments, analytical approaches, biochemical assays and characterization methods that should promote reproducibility and impact across this field.

PMID:42749914 | DOI:10.1038/s41586-026-10918-5